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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 45(9): 862-868, Sept. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-646326

ABSTRACT

Bipolar disorder (BD) can have an impact on psychosocial functioning and quality of life (QoL). Several studies have shown that structured psychotherapy in conjunction with pharmacotherapy may modify the course of some disorders; however, few studies have investigated the results of group cognitive behavior therapy (G-CBT) for BD. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of 14 sessions of G-CBT for BD patients, comparing this intervention plus pharmacotherapy to treatment as usual (TAU; only pharmacotherapy). Forty-one patients with BD I and II participated in this study and were randomly allocated to each group (G-CBT: N = 27; TAU: N = 14). Thirty-seven participants completed the treatment (women: N = 66.67%; mean age = 41.5 years). QoL and mood symptoms were assessed in all participants. Scores changed significantly by the end of treatment in favor of the G-CBT group. The G-CBT group presented significantly better QoL in seven of the eight sub-items assessed with the Medical Outcomes Survey SF-36 scale. At the end of treatment, the G-CBT group exhibited lower scores for mania (not statistically significant) and depression (statistically significant) as well as a reduction in the frequency and duration of mood episodes (P < 0.01). The group variable was significant for the reduction of depression scores over time. This clinical change may explain the improvement in six of the eight subscales of QoL (P < 0.05). The G-CBT group showed better QoL in absolute values in all aspects and significant improvements in nearly all subscales. These results were not observed in the TAU control group.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Bipolar Disorder/therapy , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods , Psychotherapy, Group/methods , Quality of Life/psychology , Bipolar Disorder/psychology , Combined Modality Therapy , Interview, Psychological , Treatment Outcome
2.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 44(4): 366-373, Apr. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-581489

ABSTRACT

The objective of the present randomized, open-label, naturalistic 8-week study was to compare the efficacy and safety of treatment with clonazepam (N = 63) and paroxetine (N = 57) in patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. Efficacy assessment included number of panic attacks and clinician ratings of the global severity of panic disorders with the clinical global impression (CGI) improvement (CGI-I) and CGI severity (CGI-S) scales. Most patients were females (69.8 and 68.4 percent in the clonazepam and paroxetine groups, respectively) and age (mean ± SD) was 35.9 ± 9.6 years for the clonazepam group and 33.7 ± 8.8 years for the paroxetine group. Treatment with clonazepam versus paroxetine resulted in fewer weekly panic attacks at week 4 (0.1 vs 0.5, respectively; P < 0.01), and greater clinical improvements at week 8 (CGI-I: 1.6 vs 2.9; P = 0.04). Anxiety severity was significantly reduced with clonazepam versus paroxetine at weeks 1 and 2, with no difference in panic disorder severity. Patients treated with clonazepam had fewer adverse events than patients treated with paroxetine (73 vs 95 percent; P = 0.001). The most common adverse events were drowsiness/fatigue (57 percent), memory/concentration difficulties (24 percent), and sexual dysfunction (11 percent) in the clonazepam group and drowsiness/fatigue (81 percent), sexual dysfunction (70 percent), and nausea/vomiting (61 percent) in the paroxetine group. This naturalistic study confirms the efficacy and tolerability of clonazepam and paroxetine in the acute treatment of patients with panic disorder.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Agoraphobia/drug therapy , Clonazepam/therapeutic use , Panic Disorder/drug therapy , Paroxetine/therapeutic use , Clonazepam/adverse effects , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Paroxetine/adverse effects , Treatment Outcome
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 35(7): 783-788, July 2002. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-316730

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to verify the sensitivity to the carbon dioxide (CO2) challenge test of panic disorder (PD) patients with respiratory and nonrespiratory subtypes of the disorder. Our hypothesis is that the respiratory subtype is more sensitive to 35 percent CO2. Twenty-seven PD subjects with or without agoraphobia were classified into respiratory and nonrespiratory subtypes on the basis of the presence of respiratory symptoms during their panic attacks. The tests were carried out in a double-blind manner using two mixtures: 1) 35 percent CO2 and 65 percent O2, and 2) 100 percent atmospheric compressed air, 20 min apart. The tests were repeated after 2 weeks during which the participants in the study did not receive any psychotropic drugs. At least 15 of 16 (93.7 percent) respiratory PD subtype patients and 5 of 11 (43.4 percent) nonrespiratory PD patients had a panic attack during one of two CO2 challenges (P = 0.009, Fisher exact test). Respiratory PD subtype patients were more sensitive to the CO2 challenge test. There was agreement between the severity of PD measured by the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Scale and the subtype of PD. Higher CGI scores in the respiratory PD subtype could reflect a greater sensitivity to the CO2 challenge due to a greater severity of PD. Carbon dioxide challenges in PD may define PD subtypes and their underlying mechanisms


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Agoraphobia , Carbon Dioxide , Panic Disorder , Respiration Disorders , Agoraphobia , Panic Disorder , Respiration Disorders , Respiratory Function Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity
4.
Psiquiatr. biol ; 8(2): 41-47, jun. 2000. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-303426

ABSTRACT

Investigamos a presenca de sinais neurologicos menores (SNM) em pacientes com transtorno obsessivo compulsivo (TOC), de "início precoce" e "início tardio" e sua correlaçao com características clínicas e terapêuticas. Vinte pacientes com TOC, sendo 10 de início precoce (idade média de início=11.10 anos) e 10 de início tardio (idade média de início de 41.70 anos) foram avaliados com as escalas Y-BOCS, CGI e uma escala elaborada pelos autores para avaliaçäo de SNM. Após a avaliaçäo neurológica, os pacientes foram tratados com inibidores da recaptaçäo da serotonima por 10 semanas. Dentre os 20 pacientes examinados,foram identificados um ou mais SNM em 12 (60 por cento), sendo seis pacientes pertencentes ao subgrupo de TOC de início precoce (n=10) e seis pacientes pertencentes ao subgrupo de TOC de início precoce (n=10) e seis pacientes pertencentes ao subgrupo de TOC de início tardio (n=10). Os sinais neurológicos mais comuns foram alteraçöes de fala/articulaçäo (em 36,4 por cento) e a impersistência de membros superiores (em 21,1 por cento). A presença de alteraçöes motoras as exame de SNM se correlacionou significativamente com maior gravidade das compulsöes (p=0,004). A presença de SNM näo se correlacionou com a resposta terapêutica. Concluímos que SNM säo frequentemente encontrados em pacientes com TOC, mas näo diferem em frequência entre o subgrupo de início precoce e de início tardio. A presença de SNM de motilidade se correlacionou com compulsöes mais graves


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological , Neurology , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
5.
Psiquiatr. biol ; 5(2): 75-83, jun. 1997.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-222954

ABSTRACT

Open trials with tricyclics, classical MAOIs or Lithium in dysthymia yielded a response rate in 45 per cent of subjects. A liong-term treatment of dysthymia with 276 patients treated during four years with eithermoclobemide,tranylcypromine or a combination of amitryptiline plus chlordiazepoxide is described. After discontinuation there was a relapse rate of 89.1 per cent. The controlled studies with tricycles, classical MAOIs, RIMAs, SSRs or benzamides showed that drugs well tolerated work better in dyathymia, due to the fact that the treatment has to be long-term. Sertraline was studied versus placebo or imipramine in primary dysthymia. Moclobemide, imipramine and polacebo were also studied in 315 patients. Mean doses were 650.0 mg-day of moclobemide, 203.2 mg-day of imipramine. Moclobemide and sertraline were both efficacious and well tolerated. In a long term treatment the clinician should assess the risk-benefit ratio. Dysthymic patients are very sensitive to unwanted effects and compliance is a serious issue


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Mood Disorders/diagnosis , Mood Disorders/therapy , Dysthymic Disorder/diagnosis , Dysthymic Disorder/therapy , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/pharmacology
6.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 45(2): 105-9, fev. 1996. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-166830

ABSTRACT

Os resultados de um estudo multicêntrico, aberto e nåo comparativo, no qual foram avalaiados 150 pacientes com diagnóstico de depressåo maior de acordo com os critérios da DSM-III-R, såo relatados. Os pacientes selecionados foram inicialmente submetidos a um período simples-cego, durante 2 semanas. Após essa fase, aqueles que preenchiam os critérios de inclusåo e exclusåo iniciaram o tratamento com sertralina 50mg/dia que poderia ser aumentada gradualmente até 200mg/dia, incrementos de 50mg, e intervalos de no mínimo 2 semanas, caso a resposta ao tratamento fosse insatisfatória, segundo a avaliaçåo do investigador. O tratamento com sertalina mostrou-se altamente eficaz no alívio da depressåo. como também nos sintomas associados ao quadro depressivo como, ansiedade, transtornos do sono, agitaçåo ou inibiçåo psicomotora, trabalho e atividades, entre outros. Um total de 84,2 por cento dos pacientes responderam satisfatoriamente ao tratamento com sertralina em doses felíveis. Em relaçåo à tolerabilidade, um total de 54 por cento dos pacientes apresentaram algum efeito adverso ao longo do tratamento, porém estes efeitos foram geralmente de intensidade leve ou moderada e apenas 4,6 por cento dos pacientes interromperam o tratamento prematuramente devido à ocorrência de eventos adversos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Antidepressive Agents/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects , Antidepressive Agents/analysis , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Depression/drug therapy , Outpatients
7.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 65(5): 169-73, maio 1989. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-79597

ABSTRACT

Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, dois grupos de asmáticos: grupo A (50 pacientes) e grupo B (17 pacientes) classificados de acordo com a utilizaçäo ou näo de corticóides, por tempo prolongado, durante o controle ambulatorial. Observou-se que os pacientes do grupo B (uso de corticóide) eram os mais gravemente acometidos, de acordo com a avaliaçäo dos seguintes parâmetros: internamentos mais freqüentes, acompanhamento ambulatorial por período mais longo e necessidade de maior número de medicamentos para controle adequado. O número relativamente alto (25 por cento) de pacientes, utilizando corticóide no controle ambulatorial, ressalta a necessidade de procedimentos mais objetivos, como monitorizaçäo de drogas e avaliaçäo periódica da funçäo pulmonar, dentre outros, como forma de diminuir este índice


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Humans , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/adverse effects , Asthma/drug therapy , Ambulatory Care , Brazil , Retrospective Studies
8.
Inf. psiquiatr ; 7(1): 17-9, jan.-mar. 1988. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-53382

ABSTRACT

Quinhentos e oito casos de Doenças do Pânico foram estudados. A evitaçäo fóbica está correlacionada freqüentemente aos ataques de pânico. Em apenas 23% dos pacientes, o diagnóstico de depressäo maior, no passado ou presente, foi dado. Em 238 casos, Alprazolam, Clomipramina, Imipramina e Tranilcipromina foram efetivos em doses mais baixas do que as citadas na literatura. Como cada uma das medicaçöes tem alguns inconvenientes específicos, nenhuma foi considerada superior às outras


Subject(s)
Humans , Alprazolam/therapeutic use , Clomipramine/therapeutic use , Imipramine/therapeutic use , Panic , Tranylcypromine/therapeutic use , Alprazolam/adverse effects , Clomipramine/adverse effects , Imipramine/adverse effects , Tranylcypromine/adverse effects
10.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 33(3): 167-74, 1984.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-22085

ABSTRACT

Os antipsicoticos agem preferencialmente nos sintomas produtivos da esquizofrenia.A escolha de um antipsicotico para um determinado caso deve ser feita a partir do perfil de acoes farmacologicas uma vez que sao equivalentes quanto a eficacia. A dose ideal varia muito de caso para caso e deve ser tateada procurando-se o maximo de efeitos terapeuticos com o minimo de efeitos indesejaveis. A dose unica diaria e pratica e pode ser empregada sempre que isto nao resultar em efeitos indesejados excessivos. A associacao com antiparkinsonianos nao deve ser uma rotina. O tratamento de manutencao evita novos surtos en 2/3 dos esquizofrenicos. A forma "depot" permite o tratamento de pacientes que nao tomam o medicamento. Tres casos clinicos sao apresentados


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Schizophrenia , Tranquilizing Agents
11.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 33(5): 327-8, 1984.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-23395

ABSTRACT

A doenca do panico, uma nova entidade clinica, caracteriza-se por ataques recorrentes de ansiedade, ricos em sintomas neurovegetativos. Sua independencia nosologica e justificada pela evolucao clinica, historia familiar, provas biologicas (injecao de lactato de sodio) e resposta terapeutica. No diagnostico diferencial, causas organicas e outras doencas psiquiatricas devem ser excluidas. Ha interessantes teorias biologicas e psicologicas para explica-la.O locus ceruleus "desregulado" pode explicar toda sintomatologia. Nos pacientes encontram-se varias manifestacoes de "ansiedade de separacao". A associacao com o prolapso da valvula mitral parece ser frequente. O tratamento com antidepressivos triciclicos ou inibidores da monoaminooxidase e altamente eficaz, bloqueando as crises em tres semanas. A psicoterapia tambem e importante para a melhora da evitacao fobica e para diminuir a vulnerabilidade a ansiedade de separacao


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Antidepressive Agents , Anxiety , Panic , Psychophysiologic Disorders , Clinical Trials as Topic , Double-Blind Method
13.
15.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 32(1): 27-30, 1983.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-15389

ABSTRACT

O cloxazolam, um novo ansiolitico benzodiazepinico, foi comparado com diazepam e com placebo no tratamento da ansiedade neurotica em 60 pacientes, de acordo com o metodo duplo-cego. A analise estatistica demonstrou que ambos os medicamentos sao eficientes e superiores no placebo. O cloxazolam foi muito bem tolerado.Como o cloxazolam revelou-se comparavel ao diazepam em termos de eficacia e tolerancia, ele passa a representar uma nova alternativa no tratamento da ansiedade


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anxiety , Benzodiazepinones , Diazepam , Double-Blind Method
16.
Ars cvrandi ; 14(9): 36-64, passim, 1981.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-6433
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